Music Theory Notes

Current understanding

I understand major, minor, perfect, augmented and diminished intervals. I can count interval distance but identifying them by ear is still hard.

Notes

Count the letter names first for the number, then count semitones for the quality. A major third is 4 semitones. A minor third is 3 semitones.

Examples

C to E is a major third (4 semitones). C to Eb is a minor third (3 semitones). C to G is a perfect fifth (7 semitones).

Questions

How do I train my ear to distinguish major from minor thirds more quickly?

Current understanding

I can identify key signatures up to 4 sharps and flats. The circle of fifths makes sense as a relationship between keys, not just a diagram to memorise.

Notes

The number of sharps or flats tells you the key. The last sharp in the signature is the leading tone — one semitone below the key name. For flats, the second-to-last flat is the key name.

Examples

G major: 1 sharp (F#). The last sharp is F#, one semitone below G. D major: 2 sharps (F#, C#). Last sharp is C#, one semitone below D.

Questions

Why does the circle close at 12? What happens with enharmonic keys like F# and Gb?